Sure, here's a detailed lesson plan for a Primary 6 class on the topic "Making of Liquid Soap."
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### Lesson Plan: Making of Liquid Soap
**Grade Level:** Primary 6 \
**Subject:** Prevocational Studies \
**Duration:** 60 minutes \
**Topic:** Making of Liquid Soap
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### Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
1. Identify the materials and ingredients needed to make liquid soap.
2. Understand the step-by-step process of making liquid soap.
3. Demonstrate the procedure for making liquid soap.
4. Know the importance of safety measures when handling soap-making ingredients.
5. Appreciate the significance of liquid soap in daily hygiene.
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### Materials Needed:
- Water (1 liter)
- Caustic soda (Sodium Hydroxide, 1 tablespoon)
- Sulphonic Acid (100 ml)
- Texapon (50 ml)
- SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, 2 tablespoons)
- STPP (Sodium Tripolyphosphate, 2 tablespoons)
- Preservative (1 tablespoon)
- Glycerin (50 ml)
- Fragrance (optional, 1 tablespoon)
- Colorant (optional, a few drops)
- Large mixing container
- Stirring rod or wooden stick
- Measuring cups and spoons
- Gloves and safety goggles
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### Introduction (10 minutes):
1. **Engage:** Begin with a brief discussion about the uses of liquid soap in daily life. Ask students how they think liquid soap is made and why it’s important.
2. **Objective Explanation:** Explain the objectives of the lesson and what they will learn.
3. **Materials Display:** Show the materials and ingredients they will be using. Explain their roles in the soap-making process.
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### Body (40 minutes):
#### Step 1: Safety Precautions (5 minutes)
- Emphasize the importance of safety when handling soap-making chemicals.
- Ensure all students wear gloves and safety goggles.
- Discuss what to do in case of accidental contact with skin or eyes.
#### Step 2: Mixing the Caustic Soda Solution (5 minutes)
- Measure 1 tablespoon of caustic soda and dissolve it in 500 ml of water.
- Stir well until completely dissolved.
- Note: Always add the caustic soda to water, not the other way around, to avoid dangerous splashes.
#### Step 3: Preparing the Soap Base (10 minutes)
- In a large container, mix 100 ml of sulphonic acid and 50 ml of texapon.
- Stir thoroughly to create a uniform mixture.
#### Step 4: Adding Other Ingredients (10 minutes)
- Gradually add the caustic soda solution to the mixture, stirring continuously.
- Add 2 tablespoons of STPP and 2 tablespoons of SLS. Stir well.
- Add 50 ml of glycerin and 1 tablespoon of preservative. Continue stirring.
- If desired, add a few drops of colorant and 1 tablespoon of fragrance. Mix well to combine all ingredients smoothly.
#### Step 5: Final Mixing and Resting (5 minutes)
- Ensure the mixture is thoroughly blended and free of lumps.
- Allow the mixture to rest for about 30 minutes, if possible, to ensure all ingredients have reacted properly.
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### Conclusion (10 minutes):
1. **Review:** Ask students to summarize the steps of making liquid soap.
2. **Q&A:** Address any questions or concerns students may have.
3. **Clean-Up:** Supervise students while they clean up their work area.
4. **Reflection:** Discuss the importance of hygiene and how making their own soap can be beneficial.
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### Assessment:
- Observe students during the activity to ensure they follow instructions and safety protocols.
- Ask students to list the major steps and ingredients involved in the liquid soap-making process in their notebooks.
- Provide a short quiz with questions on the materials, steps, and safety measures discussed.
### Extension Activity:
- Encourage students to try making a small batch of liquid soap at home with parental supervision.
- Ask them to bring a sample to class and share their experience with the class.
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### Additional Resources:
- Visual aids and diagrams of the soap-making process.
- Demonstration video if available.
- Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for caustic soda and other chemicals used.
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**Note:** Always use age-appropriate measurements and ensure all activities comply with school safety policies.